Any new symptoms or increase in symptoms should be evaluated by a retina specialist as an emergency. Most tears cause symptoms of floaters, cobwebs or flashes but can be asymptomatic in some cases. Another cause of a retinal tear is lattice degeneration which affects 8% of the population and is a thinning of the peripheral retina with strong adhesions of the vitreous gel to the retina.Ī retinal tear is an emergency as the goal of a retina specialist is to treat the tear prior to the development of a retinal detachment which can significantly affect vision. The retinal thinning has several effects: (1) the overlying vitreous will be disturbed, resulting in a pocket of liquefaction overlying the lattice lesion known as a lacuna (2) the vitreous along the edges of the lattice lesion will undergo strong adhesion to the retina and (3) the ischemia and retinal thinning will disturb the retinal pigment. Retinal tears also happen more often in patients that are nearsighted (myopic) as the periphery of their retina can be thinner. Retinal lattice degeneration is a condition associated with retinal breaks in which the retinal tissue breaks down or thins in a lattice pattern.
Lattice degeneration by itself can lead to retinal detachment in less than 1 of patients but the risk increases into the 50 range when.
Lattice is found in 40 of all rhegmatogenous retinal detachments but is present in only 7-10 of eye bank eyes. A tear within the retina is an opening through which the fluid within the eye can go through and cause an elevation or detachment of the retina, which can lead to blindness if not treated. Lattice degeneration of the retina is well known to increase the risk of retinal detachment. This separation is a normal occurence that happens in most people as we age, however in some people, the vitreous gel is very adherent to the retina and may cause a tear in areas of retinal thinning as it separates. The gel that fills the back of the eye (called " vitreous gel") changes with time as part of it melts (liquefies) causing it to separate from the retina.
A tear in the retina usually results from an area of thinning of the retina, or from pulling forces from the vitreous gel inside the eye, or from trauma.
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